HON. RON PAUL OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
17 July 2003
Bring Back Honest Money
2003 Ron Paul 82:1
Mr. Speaker,
I rise to introduce the Honest Money Act. The Honest Money Act repeals
legal
tender laws, a.k.a. forced tender laws, that compel American citizens
to accept
fiat (arbitrary) irredeemable paper-ticket or electronic money as their
unit of
account.
2003 Ron Paul 82:2
Absent
legal tender laws, individuals acting through the markets, rather than
government dictates, determine what is to be used as money.
Historically, the
free-market choice for money has been some combination of gold and
silver,
whenever they were available. As Dr. Edwin Vieira, the nation’s top
expert on
constitutional money, states: “A free market functions most efficiently
and
most fairly when the market determines the quality and the quantity of
money
that’s being used.”
2003 Ron Paul 82:3
While
fiat money is widely accepted thanks to legal tender laws, it does not
maintain
its purchasing power. This works to the disadvantage of ordinary people
who lose
the purchasing power of their savings, pensions, annuities, and other
promises
of future payment. Most importantly, because of the subsidies our
present
monetary system provides to banks, which, as Federal Reserve Chairman
Alan
Greenspan has stated, “induces” the financial sector to increase
leverage,
the Federal Reserve can create additional money, in Mr. Greenspan’s
words, “
without
limit
.” For this reason, absent legal tender laws, many citizens
would
refuse to accept fiat irredeemable paper-ticket or electronic money.
2003 Ron Paul 82:4
Legal
tender laws disadvantage ordinary citizens by forcing them to use money
that is
vulnerable to vast depreciation. As Stephen T. Byington wrote in the
September
1895 issue of the
American Federationist
: “No legal tender law
is ever
needed to make men take good money; its only use is to make them take
bad money.
Kick it out!” Similarly, the American Federation of Labor asked: “If
money
is good and would be preferred by the people, then why are legal tender
laws
necessary? And, if money is not good and would not be preferred by the
people,
then why in a democracy should they be forced to use it?”
2003 Ron Paul 82:5
The
American Federation of Labor understood how the erosion of the value of
money
cheated working people. Further, honest money, i.e., specie, was one of
the
three issues that encouraged ordinary people to organize into unions
when the
union movement began in the U.S. circa 1830.
2003 Ron Paul 82:6
While
harming ordinary citizens, legal tender laws help expand the scope of
government
beyond that authorized under the Constitution. However, the primary
beneficiaries of legal tender laws are financial institutions,
especially banks,
which have been improperly granted the special privilege of creating
fiat
irredeemable electronic money out of thin air through a process
commonly called
fractional reserve lending. According
to the Federal Reserve, since 1950 these private companies (banks) have
created
almost $8 trillion out of nothing. This has been enormously
advantageous to
them.
2003 Ron Paul 82:7
The
advantages given banks and other financial institutions by our fiat
monetary
system, which is built on a foundation of legal tender laws, allow them
to
realize revenues that would not be available to these institutions in a
free
market. This represents legalized plunder of ordinary people. Legal
tender laws
thus enable the redistribution of wealth from those who produce it,
mostly
ordinary working people, to those who create and move around our
irredeemable
paper-ticket electronic money which is, in essence, just scrip.
2003 Ron Paul 82:8
The
drafters of the Constitution were well aware of how a government armed
with
legal tender powers could ravage the people’s liberty and prosperity.
That is
why the Constitution does not grant legal tender power to the federal
government, and the states are empowered to make legal tender only out
of gold
and silver (see Article 1, Section 10). Instead, Congress was given the
power to
regulate money against a standard, i.e., the dollar. When Alexander
Hamilton
wrote the Coinage Act of 1792, he simply made into law the
market-definition of
a dollar as equaling the silver content of the Spanish milled dollar
(371.25
grains of silver), which is the dollar referred to in the Constitution.
This
historical definition of the dollar has never been changed, and cannot
be
changed any more than the term “inch,” as a measure of length, can be
changed. It is a gross misrepresentation to equate our irredeemable
paper-ticket
or electronic money to “dollars.”
2003 Ron Paul 82:9
However,
during the 20
th
century, the legal tender power enabled
politicians
to fool the public into believing the dollar no longer meant a weight
of gold or
silver. Instead, the government told the people that the dollar now
meant a
piece of government-issued paper backed up by nothing except the
promises of the
government to maintain a stable value of currency. Of course, history
shows that
the word of the government (to protect the value of the dollar) is
literally not
worth the paper it is printed on.
2003 Ron Paul 82:10
Tragically,
the Supreme Court has failed to protect the American people from
unconstitutional legal tender laws. Salmon Chase, who served as
Secretary of the
Treasury in President Lincoln’s administration, when he was Chief
Justice of
the Supreme Court, dissenting in Knox vs. Lee, summed up the argument
against
legal tender laws in twelve words: “The legal tender quality [of money]
is
only valuable for the purposes of
dishonesty
.” [emphasis
added.]
2003 Ron Paul 82:11
Another
prescient Justice was Stephen Field, the only Justice to dissent in
every legal
tender case to come before the Court. Justice Field accurately
described the
dangers to our constitutional republic posed by legal tender laws: “The
arguments in favor of the constitutionality of legal tender paper
currency tend
directly to break down the barriers which separate a government of
limited
powers from a government resting in the unrestrained will of Congress.
Those
limitations must be preserved, or our government will inevitably drift
from the
system established by our Fathers into a vast, centralized, and
consolidated
government.” A government with unrestrained powers is properly
characterized
as tyrannical.
2003 Ron Paul 82:12
Repeal
of legal tender laws will help restore constitutional government and
protect the
people’s right to a medium of exchange chosen by the market, thereby
protecting their current purchasing power as well as their pensions,
savings,
and other promises of future payment. Because honest money serves the
needs of
ordinary people, instead of fiat irredeemable paper-ticket electronic
money that
improperly transfers the wealth of society to a small specially
privileged
financial elite along with other special interests, I urge my
colleagues to
cosponsor the Honest Money Act.